You can give custom attribute to your button which will have value which you need pass to backend i.e : data-value="${p.cdPeso}"
.Then , you can use show.bs.modal
event this will get called whenever your modal shows up then pass the value from button using $(event.target).attr('data-value')
to your input-box.
Demo Code :
//will get call when modal will be open
$(document).on('show.bs.modal', '#excluirModal', function(e) {
//put the value of attr inside input box
$("input[name=cdPeso]").val($(event.target).attr('data-value'))
console.log($(event.target).attr('data-value'))
});
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.5.2/css/bootstrap.min.css">
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.5.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/popper.js/1.16.0/umd/popper.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.5.2/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
<table class="table table-striped">
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Data</th>
<th scope="col">Peso (Kg)</th>
<th scope="col">Ação</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<fmt:formatDate value="${p.dtDataHoraPeso}" pattern="dd/MM/yyyy" />
</td>
<td>something</td>
<td>
<c:url value="peso" var="link">
<c:param name="acao" value="abrir-form-edicao" />
<c:param name="cdPeso" value="${p.cdPeso}" />
</c:url>
<a href="${link}" type="button" class="btn btn-default" aria-label="Left Align"> <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-pencil" aria-hidden="true"></span></a>
<!--put `data-value="${p.cdPeso}"` -->
<button type="button" class="btn btn-danger" aria-label="Left Align" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#excluirModal" data-value="1">
<span class="glyphicon glyphicon-trash" aria-hidden="true"></span>
</button></td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<fmt:formatDate value="${p.dtDataHoraPeso}" pattern="dd/MM/yyyy" />
</td>
<td>something1</td>
<td>
<c:url value="peso" var="link">
<c:param name="acao" value="abrir-form-edicao" />
<c:param name="cdPeso" value="${p.cdPeso}" />
</c:url>
<a href="${link}" type="button" class="btn btn-default" aria-label="Left Align"> <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-pencil" aria-hidden="true"></span></a>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-danger" aria-label="Left Align" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#excluirModal" data-value="2">
<span class="glyphicon glyphicon-trash" aria-hidden="true"></span>
</button></td>
<td>2</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div class="modal fade" id="excluirModal" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="exampleModalLabel" aria-hidden="true">
<div class="modal-dialog" role="document">
<div class="modal-content">
<div class="modal-header">
<h5 class="modal-title" id="exampleModalLabel">Confirmação</h5>
<button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close">
<span aria-hidden="true">×</span>
</button>
</div>
<div class="modal-body">Deseja realmente excluir o registro?</div>
<div class="modal-footer">
<form action="peso" method="post">
<input type="hidden" name="acao" value="excluir"> <input type="text" name="cdPeso" id="cdPesoExcluir">
<button type="button" class="btn btn-secondary" data-dismiss="modal">Cancelar</button>
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-danger">Excluir</button>
</form>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
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